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Eugene Garfield (born September 16, 1925) is an American linguist and businessman, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics.〔Garfield, Eugene, Blaise Cronin, and Helen Barsky Atkins.The Web of Knowledge: A Festschrift in Honor of Eugene Garfield. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 2000.〕 ==Biography== Garfield was born in 1925 in New York City, and was raised in a Lithuanian〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/chemicalintelligencerp26y1999.pdf )〕-Italian Jewish family. He received a PhD in Structural Linguistics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1961. Dr. Garfield was the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), which was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ISI now forms a major part of the science division of Thomson Reuters company. Garfield is responsible for many innovative bibliographic products, including ''Current Contents'', the ''Science Citation Index'' (SCI), and other citation databases, the ''Journal Citation Reports'', and ''Index Chemicus''. He is the founding editor and publisher of ''The Scientist'', a news magazine for life scientists. In 2003, the University of South Florida School of Information was honored to have him as lecturer for the Alice G. Smith Lecture. In 2007, he launched HistCite, a bibliometric analysis and visualization software package. Following ideas inspired by Vannevar Bush's famous 1945 article "As We May Think", Garfield undertook the development of a comprehensive citation index showing the propagation of scientific thinking; he started the Institute for Scientific Information in 1955 (it was sold to Thomson Corporation in 1992). According to Garfield, ″the citation index...may help a historian to measure the influence of an article—that is, its ′impact factor′.″ The creation of the ''Science Citation Index'' made it possible to calculate impact factor, which supposedly measures the importance of scientific journals. It led to the unexpected discovery that a few journals like ''Nature'' and ''Science'' were core for all of hard science. The same pattern does not happen with the humanities or the social sciences. His entrepreneurial flair in having turned what was, at least at the time, an obscure and specialist metric into a highly profitable business has been noted. Garfield's work led to the development of several Information Retrieval algorithms, like HITS and Pagerank. Both use the structured citation between websites through hyperlinks. The Association for Library and Information Science Education has a fund for doctoral research through an award named after Garfield. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eugene Garfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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